In this practice-oriented lesson, we'll tackle Advanced Array Manipulation, a crucial topic in any technical interview. TypeScript arrays are versatile and powerful data structures used across many programming tasks. Mastering advanced manipulation techniques with TypeScript can streamline your code, optimize time complexity, and solve complex problems efficiently. Leveraging TypeScript's type safety and static type system ensures your code is more reliable and maintains integrity throughout the development process.

Let's tackle a common problem — given two arrays sorted in ascending order, we need to merge them into a single sorted array.

The expected algorithm for this task uses two pointers, one for each array, and compares the elements pointed to by these pointers, appending the smaller one to the result array. If one of the arrays is exhausted, it simply appends the remaining elements from the other array. This is a classic example of the Two-Pointer Technique, frequently employed in array manipulation problems. TypeScript enhances this solution by ensuring type safety and improving code reliability.

Here's how you can implement the solution in TypeScript:

TypeScript
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1// Merge two sorted arrays
2function mergeSortedLists(list1: number[], list2: number[]): number[] {
3    const mergedList: number[] = [];
4    let i: number = 0, j: number = 0;
5    
6    // Two-Pointer Technique
7    while (i < list1.length && j < list2.length) {
8        if (list1[i] < list2[j]) {
9            mergedList.push(list1[i]);
10            i += 1;
11        } else {
12            mergedList.push(list2[j]);
13            j += 1;
14        }
15    }
16    
17    // Append remaining elements
18    mergedList.push(...list1.slice(i));
19    mergedList.push(...list2.slice(j));
20    
21    return mergedList;
22}
23
24// Example usage
25const list1: number[] = [1, 3, 5];
26const list2: number[] = [2, 4, 6];
27console.log(mergeSortedLists(list1, list2)); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Grasping this lesson's subject matter is key to becoming proficient in TypeScript and excelling in your technical interviews. Following a comprehensive understanding of the basics, take time to dive into the exercises. Remember, the goal isn't just to memorize these algorithms but to learn how to dissect and tackle real-world problems using these tools. Leverage TypeScript's features like type annotations and type safety to enhance your problem-solving skills. Let's proceed to practice!