Welcome! Today, I am thrilled to guide you through a fascinating task involving vectors in C++: pairing up 'opposite' elements. Specifically, we're going to learn how to access and manipulate elements within a C++ vector. The task at hand provides an excellent opportunity to elevate your vector-handling skills within the C++ language. Are you ready to get started? Let's dive right in!
Our task today is to form pairs of 'opposite' elements in a given vector of integers. In a vector consisting of n elements, the first and last elements are known as 'opposite', the second element and the second last element are considered 'opposite', and so on. For a vector with an odd length, the middle element is its own 'opposite'.
You will be provided with a vector of n integers. The value of n could range from 1 to 100, inclusive. The task will require you to return a std::vector of std::pair objects. Each std::pair consists of an element and its 'opposite' element.
Let's use example vector numbers as {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} to simplify our understanding. In this case, the output of our solution(numbers) function will be {(1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1)}.
Before we start writing code, let's familiarize ourselves with how to access the elements of an vector in C++.
In C++, the i-th element of a vector numbers can be accessed as numbers[i], with the index starting from 0. Consequently, the first element is numbers[0], the second one is numbers[1], and so forth, up to numbers[number.size() - 1] for the last element.
Now, let's figure how to access an element's 'opposite'.
The 'opposite' of the i-th element of the vector is the element at the numbers.size() - i - 1-th position. To illustrate this concept, consider standing at the start of a line and your friend standing at the end of the line. In this scenario, you and your friend could be considered 'opposites'. Similarly, the 'opposite' of numbers[0] is numbers[numbers.size() - 0 - 1], the 'opposite' to numbers[1] is numbers[numbers.size() - 1 - 1], and so forth.
Now that we understand how to locate an element's 'opposite', we can proceed to code our solution. Let's start by initializing an empty std::vector named result to store our 'opposite' pairs and compute the vector's size for future reference.
C++1std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> solution(std::vector<int>& numbers) { 2 std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> result; 3 int n = numbers.size();
The next step is to loop over all elements in our numbers vector. Within our loop, we'll create a std::pair for each pairing of 'opposite' elements. This pair will consist of the i-th element and the n - i - 1-th element. This pair will then be pushed onto the back of our result std::vector. Here's the final version of our function:
C++1std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> solution(std::vector<int>& numbers) { 2 std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> result; 3 int n = numbers.size(); 4 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 5 result.push_back({numbers[i], numbers[n - i - 1]}); 6 } 7 return result; 8}
This function iterates over all the elements of the vector. For each of these elements, it forms a std::pair with its 'opposite' and subsequently inserts the pair into the result std::vector.
Great job! You've successfully navigated through the concept of 'opposite' pairs and vector indexing in C++. By now, you should be familiar with the notion of accessing and pairing elements in a vector based on their positions. This fundamental step brings you closer to mastering vector manipulation within C++. Up next, we've prepared a series of hands-on exercises for you to apply and further practice what you've learned today. Remember, practice makes a man perfect. Keep up the great work, and happy coding!