Welcome! Today, we will traverse the galaxy of TypeScript arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operations, similar to basic mathematics, help us conduct simple calculations. Logical operations, on the contrary, assist us in evaluating conditions and making decisions. They act as game controllers, steering your character's next action based on the current circumstances.

Suppose you were in a toy store with only $20 at hand, and each toy was priced at $5. Most likely, you would perform a division operation to determine how many toys you could afford. But what if you wanted to buy a board game ($7) and a puzzle ($6) with your $20? Logical operations would then come into play, helping you make the right decision. Let's explore!

Arithmetic operations in TypeScript are simple and bear a strong resemblance to those in basic mathematics. We use + for addition, - for subtraction, * for multiplication, / for division, % for determining the remainder of a division, and ** for exponentiation.

TypeScript
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1// Consider these as standard calculator operations!
2
3// Addition
4let sum = 20 + 5; // Result: 25
5
6// Subtraction
7let difference = 20 - 5; // Result: 15
8
9// Multiplication
10let product = 20 * 5; // Result: 100
11
12// Division
13let quotient = 20 / 4; // Result: 5
14
15// Remainder
16let remainder = 18 % 4; // Result: 2 (18 = 4 * 4 + 2)
17
18// Power
19let powerResult = 20**2; // Result: 400

As showcased in the example above, operators are inserted between two numbers to perform the calculations.

A common question is - how to perform integer division? If I have $21 and want to know how many $4 toys I can purchase, how can I calculate this? All numbers in TypeScript are floating point, but there is a way to identify the integer part of a number:

TypeScript
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1const budget = 21;
2const toyPrice = 4;
3
4const maxToysToBuy = Math.floor(budget / toyPrice); // Prints: 5

So, in essence, we use Math.floor to obtain the integer part (5) from the number 5.25, rounding it down.

While arithmetic operations focus on numeric computations, logical operations deal with conditions. They yield a boolean value: true or false. TypeScript uses AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!) to perform logical operations.

TypeScript
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1// Let's understand their usage:
2
3console.log(true && true);      // 'true' AND 'true' = true 
4console.log(true && false);     // 'true' AND 'false' = false
5console.log(true || false);     // 'true' OR 'false' = true
6console.log(false || false);    // 'false' OR 'false' = false
7console.log(!true);             // NOT 'true' = false
8console.log(!false);            // NOT 'false' = true

In this instance, we used the actual boolean values — true and false — to illustrate the fundamental functioning of logical operators. However, in real coding scenarios, these true and false values would likely be expressions, such as (b > 5) && (b < 8).

Performing operations on raw numbers is useful, but calculators offer similar functionality! However, TypeScript's most important feature is the ability to manipulate variables and apply all the aforementioned operations to these variables as well. Let's observe some examples:

TypeScript
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1const dolls = 3;
2const dollsPrice = 6.5;
3
4let totalAmount = dolls * dollsPrice;
5console.log("Total Amount:", totalAmount);
6
7const cars = 2;
8const carsPrice = 7;
9
10// The following line is a short form of totalAmount = totalAmount + cars * carsPrice;
11totalAmount += cars * carsPrice;
12console.log("Total Amount:", totalAmount);

Output:

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1Total Amount: 19.5
2Total Amount: 33.5

As demonstrated above, we first calculated the total amount to buy 3 dolls, and then decided to buy 2 more cars. This process was as simple as updating the existing totalAmount variable by adding the price of 2 cars to it. Note that we used the += operator - it's essentially a condensed form of totalAmount = totalAmount + cars * carsPrice, which makes it very efficient. Similar operators like -=, *=, and /= can be used in the same manner.

Congratulations! You have now become proficient in managing arithmetic and logical operations in TypeScript. Now, let's apply what you have learned through some practical exercises. Implementing your knowledge in realistic situations will reinforce your understanding and foster a deeper appreciation for TypeScript programming! Let's dive in!