Hello, and welcome to our analysis lesson. Today, we will be exploring a classic problem in the realm of string manipulations. We'll learn how to locate all occurrences of a substring within a larger string using Python. The techniques you will learn can be used in scenarios such as text processing and data analysis. Are you ready to dive in? Let's get started!

Here's our challenge: we have two lists of strings of the same length, one containing the "original" strings and the other, the "substrings". We're to identify all occurrences of each substring within its corresponding original string and return a list of the starting indices of these occurrences. Remember, index counting should start from 0.

Example

If we take the following lists: Original List: ["HelloWorld", "LearningPython", "GoForBroke", "BackToBasics"] Substring List: ["loW", "ear", "o", "Ba"].

This will produce the following outputs: In "HelloWorld", "loW" starts at index 3. In "LearningPython", "ear" starts at index 1. In "GoForBroke", "o" appears at indices 1, 3, and 7. In "BackToBasics", "Ba" starts at indices 0 and 6.

So, if findSubString(["HelloWorld", "LearningPython", "GoForBroke", "BackToBasics"], ["loW", "ear", "o", "Ba"]) is called, the function should return

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1[
2    "The substring 'loW' was found in the original string 'HelloWorld' at position(s) 3.",
3    "The substring 'ear' was found in the original string 'LearningPython' at position(s) 1.",
4    "The substring 'o' was found in the original string 'GoForBroke' at position(s) 1, 3, 7.",
5    "The substring 'Ba' was found in the original string 'BackToBasics' at position(s) 0, 6."
6]

Although this task seems reasonably straightforward, it may still feel daunting. Fear not! We will dissect it piece by piece.

First, we need to create a place to store the result of our findings. Can you think of a Python data type that we could use for that? That's correct—a list would be perfect for this task!

Python
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1def solution(orig_strs, substrs):
2    result_arr = []

We use the built-in zip() function to create pairs of original strings and substrings. We then use the find() method to find the first occurrence of each substring in its related original string. Python string objects have a built-in method called str.find(substring, starting_index=0), which comes in handy here. It returns the lowest index of the substring in str that is greater than or equal to starting_index if found. Otherwise, it returns -1.

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1for original, substring in zip(orig_strs, substrs):
2    start_pos = original.find(substring)

In original.find(substring), we pass the 'substring' that we want to locate. The function begins the search from the beginning as we have not specified a starting position.

The following step is to locate the rest of the instances of the 'substring' in the 'original'.

We use a while loop to accomplish this. But, how will we know when to stop seeking more occurrences? Good question! The moment our .find() function begins returning -1, it signifies that there are no more matches to be found.

Each time we find a match, we append its starting index to the match_indices list and adjust the start_pos to search after the end of this match:

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1match_indices = []
2while start_pos != -1:
3    match_indices.append(str(start_pos))
4    start_pos = original.find(substring, start_pos + 1)

Finally, we format the result for readability and append it to the result_arr:

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1result_arr.append(f"The substring '{substring}' was found in the original string '{original}' at position(s) {', '.join(match_indices)}.")

With this, we've come to the end of our function design.

Here is the comprehensive solution, which incorporates all the steps above:

Python
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1def solution(orig_strs, substrs):
2    result_arr = []
3
4    for original, substring in zip(orig_strs, substrs):
5        start_pos = original.find(substring)
6        match_indices = []
7        while start_pos != -1:
8            match_indices.append(str(start_pos))
9            start_pos = original.find(substring, start_pos + 1)
10        result_arr.append(f"The substring '{substring}' was found in the original string '{original}' at position(s) {', '.join(match_indices)}.")
11
12    return result_arr

Congratulations! You've mastered a vital operation in string manipulations—finding all occurrences of a 'substring' in another string. Remember, this algorithm has numerous applications in real-world scenarios. Now that we have thoroughly dissected and examined a systematic way to handle it, I encourage you to practice further. Upcoming exercises will provide an opportunity for you to refine your skills better. Keep on coding and learning!